Perfil histopatológico y factores de riesgo asociados a neoplasias en perros del municipio de Toluca.

This is the authors' abstract. We don't add key points for this paper.

Objective. To determine the frequency of different types of neoplasms in the City of Toluca during the period 2017-2021. Materials and method. We studied 838 dogs diagnosed by cytology and histopathology and their respective staging through radiographs in three planes and general blood tests. A descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was performed, estimating Odds ratio to identify factors associated with malignant neoplasms, the above with a value of p<0.05. Results. Of the 838 dogs, a ratio of 55.1% and 44.9% was observed, between males and females, respectively; whose ages were between 0 and 18 years. The 50.4% lived at home, 30.2% outdoors, the rest both indoors and outdoors. Histopathologically, 14% of the tumors were benign and 86% malignant. The most common subtypes were classified as carcinoma (29.7%), sarcoma (12.1%), adenocarcinoma (9.7%), mastocytoma (6.0%), transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) (6%), hemangiosarcoma (5.5%) and lymphoma (5.4%). Factors associated with racial predisposition were also found: Boxer breed (OR=4.28, 95%CI 1.03-17.8, p=0.030) and Pitbull breed (OR=3.57, 95%CI 1.28-9.95, p=0.012), were the most affected. While living indoors was a defending factor 0.56 (95%CI 0.38-0.84). Conclusions. It is important to perform staging to establish treatment, whether chemotherapy, surgery, electrochemotherapy, or a combination of these. Most neoplasms were malignant; being a Boxer or Pitbull breed with 4.3 and 3.5 times the risk of malignancy, while living at home reduced the probability of malignancy by 44%.