Effect of Silymarin Particle Size on Its Solubility and Oral Bioavailability, the Enhancement of Pharmacological Actions

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Due to the many side effects associated with conventional medicine, people turned their attention towards natural drugs, which have fewer or no side effects. However, their uses are restricted due to lower solubility and bioavailability. Plant-based nanoparticles have been demonstrated as more effective alternatives, and nanoparticles are reported to increase the bioavailability and solubility of natural medicines to make their better use. The nanotechnology system is innovative to enhance the therapeutic effects and bioavailability of naturally occurring drugs. Therefore, silymarin nanoparticles were prepared using two different methods. Characterization analysis confirmed the reduction in particle size and conversion to amorphous states. The achieved nanoparticles have the required size, optimum zeta potential, and PDI. Results from solubility and bioavailability studies are very encouraging. The prepared nanoparticles were tested for hepatoprotection; they proved better than the unprocessed drug in terms of better effects on hepatic marker enzymes, serum total albumin and protein values, and hepatic histopathology. The prepared nano drug is recommended for clinical trials.