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The theory on the influence of the wall material on the level of the enhanced confinement in the H-mode is discussed. When high-Z material is employed as the wall, the reflection of the neutral particles causes a higher neutral particle density in the plasma. The increased number of neutral particles leads to a loss in the ion momentum, a decrease in the radial electric field and a degradation of the confinement improvement.
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Itoh et al. (1995) studied this question.
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