Why the study?
An understanding of cardiovascular system complexity requires knowledge of the venous system, including how venous changes affect cardiac function and arterial regulation, but hands-on laboratory assessments illustrating key vein functions were needed.
Design
Other
Authors
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Provides accessible demos for venous physiology teaching; leaves open validation in curricula and learner outcomes.
Key points are not available for this paper at this time.
Tansey et al. (2019) studied this question.
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