The differential relationship between white matter cerebrovascular perfusion and microstructure between normal cognition and mild cognitive impairment

Figures

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  Figure 1.. Cerebrovascular reactivity measurements using a hypercapnic paradigm. Dynamic PCASL scan allowed simultaneous CVRCBF and CVRBOLD mapping. Per-voxel based CVR images were created. CVR: cerebrovascular reactivity.

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  Figure 2.. (A) The voxel clusters that showed statistically significant difference in ATT between NC and MCI participants, adjusted for covariates: age, sex, years of education, hypertension status, impaired glycemic status, and APOE ε4 allele (MNI Z coordinate 53, 56, 59, and 62 are shown from left to right). The color bar indicates the covariates-adjusted t-statistics. The minimum cluster size of ATT analysis was 1790 voxels. (B) The violin plots illustrate the covariate-adjusted ATT of each cognition group within the voxel clusters. The horizontal lines and white dots represent the mean and median values, respectively. ATT: arterial transit time; MCI: Mild cognitive impairment; MNI: Montreal Neurological Institute.

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  Figure 3.. (A) The voxel clusters that showed statistically significant difference in CVRBOLD between NC and MCI participants, adjusted for covariates: age, sex, years of education, hypertension status, impaired glycemic status, and APOE ε4 allele (MNI Z coordinate 63, 66, 69, and 72 are shown from left to right). The color bar indicates the covariates-adjusted t-statistics. The minimum cluster size of CVRBOLD analysis was 1301 voxels. (B) The violin plots illustrate the covariate-adjusted CVRBOLD of each cognition group within the voxel clusters. The horizontal lines and white dots represent the mean and median values, respectively. MCI: Mild cognitive impairment; MNI: Montreal Neurological Institute.

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  Figure 4.. (A) The voxel clusters that showed statistically significant difference in ICVF between NC and MCI participants, adjusted for covariates: age, sex, years of education, hypertension status, impaired glycemic status, and APOE ε4 allele (MNI Z coordinate 54, 58, 62, and 66 are shown from left to right). The color bar indicates the covariates-adjusted t-statistics. The minimum cluster size ICVF analysis was 1983 voxels. (B) The violin plots illustrate the covariate-adjusted ICVF for each cognition group within the voxel clusters. The horizontal lines and white dots represent the mean and median values, respectively. ICVF: intracellular volume fraction; MCI: Mild cognitive impairment; MNI: Montreal Neurological Institute.

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  Figure 5.. (A) Three overlapping voxel clusters between ATT and ICVF in right-posterior-inferior (RPI) orientations: (A) cluster #1 in blue (MNI coordinate X = 43, Y = 107, Z = 60), (B) cluster #2 in green (MNI coordinate X = 35, Y = 62, Z = 53), and (C) cluster #3 in red (MNI coordinate X = 77, Y = 91, Z = 65). ATT: arterial transit time; MNI: Montreal Neurological Institute.

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  Figure 6.. (A) The voxel clusters that showed statistically significant difference between ICVF and ATT in MCI participants, adjusted for covariates: age, sex, years of education, hypertension status, impaired glycemic status, and APOE ε4 allele (MNI coordinate X = 77, Y = 95, Z = 65). The minimum cluster size of ICVF-ATT analysis was 845 voxels. (B) Illustration of the relationship between ICVF and ATT within the voxel cluster shown in (A). ATT: arterial transit time; ICVF: intracellular volume fraction; MCI: Mild cognitive impairment; MNI: Montreal Neurological Institute.