Why the study?
Does cadmium, verapamil, or quinacrine affect the force of contraction in isolated bullfrog atrial cells?
Population
Isolated, single, field-stimulated bullfrog atrial cells
Design
Preclinical
Authors
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No immediate clinical implications from bullfrog atrial cells; leaves open dual calcium entry pathways in mammalian myocardium.
Does cadmium, verapamil, or quinacrine affect the force of contraction in isolated bullfrog atrial cells?
Activating calcium enters bullfrog atrial cells via both an inactivating cadmium-sensitive L-type channel and a noninactivating cadmium-insensitive mechanism, and leaves via Na-Ca exchange.
Shepherd et al. (1991) studied this question.
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