Application of the three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method to the analysis of planar microstrip circuits

A direct three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is applied to the full-wave analysis of various microstrip structures. The method is shown to be an efficient tool for modeling complicated microstrip circuit components and microstrip antennas. From the time-domain results the input impedance of a line-fed rectangular patch antenna and the frequency-dependent scattering parameters of a low-pass filter and a branch-line coupler are calculated. These circuits were fabricated and the measurements made on them are compared with the FDTD results and shown to be in good agreement.>