Clinical applications of resting coronary flow detection via transthoracic echocardiography

Figures

• 

  Figure 1. (A,B) Color Doppler and pulse Doppler detection of the LAD artery, respectively. (C,D) Color Doppler and pulse Doppler detection of the PDA, respectively. (E,F) Color Doppler and pulse Doppler detection of the LCX branch, respectively. (G,H) Color Doppler and pulse Doppler detection of septal branches, respectively. LAD, left anterior descending; PDA, posterior descending artery; LCX, left circumflex artery.

• 

  Figure 2. (A) The outline of the Doppler spectrum was traced to calculate various parameters, including the peak velocity, mean velocity, and velocity–time integral. The white lines indicate the DDT and AT. The arrows show the presence of SFR (arrows). (B,C) Two Doppler spectrum features are indicated by the sudden dip in end-diastolic velocity (arrows) and the corresponding time point of the dip (dashed lines). The square root sign patterns are indicated by arrows. DDT, diastolic deceleration time; AT, acceleration time; SFR, systolic flow reversal.

• 

  Figure 3. (A) The distal LAD arterial flow velocity at rest was 0.58 m/s. (B) The distal LAD arterial flow velocity under vasodilator-induced hyperemia was 0.88 m/s. The coronary flow velocity reserve was 1.58. LAD, left anterior descending.

• 

  Figure 4. A succinct outline of the barriers and opportunities associated with the application of resting coronary flow.