Population
Humans (sample size and demographics not stated in abstract)
Comparison
Local cooling of forearm skin from 34 to 29… vs Control sites without pharmacological blockade
Design
Other
Follow-up
30 minutes
Authors
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Distinguishes neural from non-neural cold vasoconstriction; extends mechanistic models while leaving effector pathways open for study.
Local cooling causes cold-sensitive afferents to activate sympathetic nerves to release norepinephrine, causing initial vasoconstriction, followed by a later vasoconstriction that is independent of functional sensory or sympathetic nerves.
Johnson et al. (2004) studied this question.
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