What question did this study set out to answer?

To evaluate geographical variation in peripheral and mucosal cellular, humoral, and cytokine immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 between populations in sub-Saharan Africa and western Europe.

December 18, 2024The Lancet MicrobeOpen Access

Immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in sub-Saharan Africa and western Europe: a retrospective, population-based, cross-sectional study

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To evaluate geographical variation in peripheral and mucosal cellular, humoral, and cytokine immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 between populations in sub-Saharan Africa and western Europe.
Conducted a retrospective, population-based cross-sectional study analyzing peripheral blood and nasal curettage samples across seven clinical cohorts from Senegal, the Netherlands, and Germany (main cohort N=133; validation cohort from Senegal and Gabon N=64) collected between Nov 1, 2018, and Dec 20, 2021.
Matched participants across regions by age, sex, viral load, disease duration, and disease severity (uninfected, mild, or severe COVID-19).
Characterized immune responses using cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF), spectral flow cytometry, ELISA, and Luminex multiplex assays.
Mild COVID-19 in the Senegalese cohort caused no significant alterations in peripheral or nasal immune cell profiles or pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, despite successfully mounting SARS-CoV-2-specific adaptive immunity equivalent to Europeans.
Severe COVID-19 induced lymphopenia in both the Senegalese (2.9-times decrease, p=0.0010) and European cohorts (1.6-times decrease, p=0.0046), as well as increased circulating neutrophils (Senegal: 2.0-times increase, p=0.0044 vs Europe: 1.3-times increase, p=0.026).
Mucosal CD66b+ CD16 low neutrophil expansion was substantially muted in the Senegalese cohort (9.9-times increase, p=0.045) relative to Europeans (392-times increase, p<0.0001), with Senegalese individuals showing an absence of immature immune cell expansion, inflammasome activation, or nasal monocyte recruitment.

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Implication

Cross-sectional study reveals divergent immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in African and European cohorts, suggesting biological mechanisms for attenuated disease severity.

Cite This Study

Mbow et al. (2024) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a840900d7bfb55d3572f799 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.07.005

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Implication

Cross-sectional study reveals divergent immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in African and European cohorts, suggesting biological mechanisms for attenuated disease severity.

Immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in sub-Saharan Africa and western Europe: a retrospective, population-based, cross-sectional study

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Implication

Cite This Study

Immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in sub-Saharan Africa and western Europe: a retrospective, population-based, cross-sectional study

Key Points

Discussion

Implication

Cite This Study

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