Key result
Seven days of combined grape seed extract and L-citrulline supplementation increased cardiac output during 80% workload exercise compared to placebo.
Why the study?
Grape seed extract and L-citrulline increase nitric oxide bioavailability and vasodilation, but the potential additive benefits of their combination on hemodynamic responses during dynamic exercise remained unexamined.
Does combined grape seed extract and L-citrulline supplementation improve hemodynamic responses to exercise in young healthy males?
RCT
Does combined grape seed extract and L-citrulline supplementation improve hemodynamic responses to exercise in young healthy males?
Short-term supplementation with grape seed extract or L-citrulline increases cardiac output and decreases vascular resistance during high-intensity exercise in young healthy males, but combining them offers no additive benefit.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
May enhance exercise cardiac output in healthy young males; hypothesis-generating and should not yet change practice.
Grape seed extract (GSE) or L-citrulline supplement has been known to increase nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and enhance endothelial-mediated vasodilation. Accordingly, to examine the additive benefits of combination of the two supplementations on hemodynamic responses to dynamic exercise, young, healthy males were recruited for this study. Effects of 7 days of 1) GSE + L-citrulline, 2) GSE, 3) L-citrulline, and 4) placebo supplementation on systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), cardiac output, total vascular conductance (TVC), and oxygen (O2) consumption were examined at rest and during cycling exercise. Compared with placebo, GSE, L-citrulline, and combined supplementations did not reduce SBP, DBP, and MAP, while cardiac output (placebo; 23.6 ± 1.3 L/min, GSE; 25.7 ± 1.1 L/min; L-citrulline, 25.2 ± 1.2 L/min; GSE + L-citrulline; 25.3 ± 0.9 L/min) and TVC (placebo; 234.7 ± 11.3 ml/min/mmHg, GSE; 258.3 ± 10.6 ml/min/mmHg; L-citrulline, 255.2 ± 10.6 ml/min/mmHg; GSE + L-citrulline; 260.4 ± 8.9 ml/min/mmHg) were increased at only the 80% workload (p < 0.05). Compared with placebo and L-citrulline, GSE and combined supplementations had a reduction in VO2 across workloads (p < 0.05). However, there was no additive benefits on these variables. We conclude that supplementation with GSE, L-citrulline, and combined supplementations increased cardiac output due partially to decreased vascular resistance. Our findings suggest that GSE may act as an ergogenic aid that can improve O2 delivery to exercising muscles.
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Shariffi et al. (2022) conducted an RCT in Healthy. Grape seed extract (GSE) and L-citrulline vs. Placebo was evaluated on Cardiac output at 80% workload (L/min) (p=< 0.05). Seven days of combined grape seed extract and L-citrulline supplementation increased cardiac output during 80% workload exercise compared to placebo.
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