Tibet: human and medical geography

The Tibetans probably originated in south-east Tibet, and are currently comprised largely of agriculturalists and nomads. In the 18th Century, about 20% were monks. Persons live at altitudes from 3600 m to 5400 m. This may be a factor in the incidence of chronic mountain sickness. Cold is combated by cultural methods, although some lamas are able to ‘warm without fire.’ Acute mountain sickness is well recognised. A low birth weight is common and menarche is delayed; age span does not appear to be increased. Goitre, measles, venereal diseases, chest infections and leprosy are common. Congenital cardiac abnormalities and pulmonary hypertension are often associated with systemic hypertension.