Key result
An integrated mathematical model successfully reconstructed macroscopic electro-mechanical processes in the heart, demonstrating the interplay between cellular electrophysiology and mechanical deformation.
An integrated mathematical model can successfully simulate the complex interplay of cardiac electrophysiology and mechanics from the protein to the organ level.
Advances integrated cardiac modeling; leaves open clinical validation before any practice impact.
Mathematical models of cardiac anatomy and physics provide information, which help to understand structure and behavior of the heart. Miscellaneous cardiac phenomena can only be adequately described by combination of models representing different aspects or levels of detail. Coupling of these models necessitates the definition of appropriate interfaces. Adequateness and efficiency of interfaces is crucial for efficient application of the combined models. In this work an integrated model is presented consisting of several models interconnected by interfaces. The integrated model allows the reconstruction of macroscopic electro-mechanical processes in the heart. The model comprises a three-dimensional are of left ventricular anatomy represented as truncated ellipsoid. The integrated model includes electrophysiological, tension development and elastomechanical models of myocardium at levels of single cell, proteins, and tissue patches, respectively. The model is exemplified by simulations of extracorporated left ventricle of small mammals. These simulations yield temporal distributions of electrophysiological parameters as well as descriptions of electrical propagation and mechanical deformation. The simulations show characteristic macroscopic ventricular function resulting from the interplay between cellular electrophysiology, electrical excitation propagation, tension development, and mechanical deformation.
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Sachse et al. (2003) studied Cardiac electro-mechanics. Mathematical modeling was evaluated on Reconstruction of macroscopic electro-mechanical processes. An integrated mathematical model successfully reconstructed macroscopic electro-mechanical processes in the heart, demonstrating the interplay between cellular electrophysiology and mechanical deformation.
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