Key result
Children with sickle cell anaemia had significantly higher mean trans annular plane systolic excursion (28.24 vs 25.82, p=0.008) and a higher prevalence of right ventricular dysfunction (50.0% vs 22.0%) compared to healthy controls.
Why the study?
Sickle cell anaemia is characterized by attendant ischemia-reperfusion injury, particularly to the heart.
Does sickle cell anaemia affect right ventricular function and the prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in children compared to healthy controls?
Cross-Sectional (n=100)
Yes
Does sickle cell anaemia affect right ventricular function and the prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in children compared to healthy controls?
Absolute Event Rate: 28.24% vs 25.82%
p-value: p=0.008
Children with sickle cell anaemia have a significantly higher prevalence of right ventricular systolic dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension compared to healthy controls, highlighting the potential value of early echocardiographic screening.
Sickle cell anaemia was associated with higher RV dysfunction prevalence in children; leaves open whether screening improves outcomes.
Background: Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) is characterized by attendant ischemia-reperfusion injury especially to the heart. Objectives: To compare the right ventricular function of children with SCA in steady state (subjects) with those with haemoglobin AA genotype (controls), using echocardiography. Methods: The cross-sectional study utilized echocardiographic measurements to assess right ventricular function among children with SCA and their controls. Results: The mean trans annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) in subjects, 28.24±5.23 (Z score: 0.258±1.10) was higher than that in control, 25.82±3.59 (Z score: - 0.263±0.80), and the difference in mean was statistically significant, (t=2.703, p=0.008). Significantly higher proportion of subjects with sickle cell anaemia had right ventricular dysfunction (Abnormal TAPSE), 25 (50.0% when compared with those in control, 11 (22.0%, (χ 2 =8.5, p=0.0035). A higher proportion of subjects with sickle cell anaemia (25.5%) had Pulmonary hypertension (RVP) when compared with control (2.0%) and the difference in proportions was found to be statistically significant, (χ 2 =11.668, p=0.001). The prevalence of right ventricular diastolic dysfunction in subjects was 9.8 % while control was 0%. Conclusion Children with sickle cell anaemia present with right ventricular dysfunction. Prevalence of right ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction were higher in subjects. More children with genotype SS group, (25.5%) had pulmonary hypertension (RVP).
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Chinawa et al. (2020) conducted a cross-sectional in Sickle cell anaemia (n=100). Sickle cell anaemia vs. Haemoglobin AA genotype was evaluated on Mean trans annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) (p=0.008). Children with sickle cell anaemia had significantly higher mean trans annular plane systolic excursion (28.24 vs 25.82, p=0.008) and a higher prevalence of right ventricular dysfunction (50.0% vs 22.0%) compared to healthy controls.
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