Perirenal Fat Thickness is Associated with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Objective: Recent advances in perirenal adipose tissue (PAT) highlighted that PAT might involve in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory and dysfunctional metabolic diseases. This study assessed the association between perirenal fat thickness (PrFT) and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MALFD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: This study comprised 867 eligible participants with T2DM. Trained reviewers collected anthropometric and biochemical measurements. The diagnosis of MAFLD was based on the latest international expert consensus statement. PrFT and fatty liver were evaluated by computed tomography. The visceral fat area (VFA) and subcutaneous fat area (SFA) were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. The non-alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score (NFS) and fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index were used to assess progressive liver fibrosis in MAFLD. Results: Overall, the prevalence of MAFLD was 62.3% in T2DM. The PrFT in the MAFLD group was statistically increased than in the non-MAFLD group ( P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that PrFT was significantly correlated with dysfunctional metabolic factors like body mass index, waist circumference, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, uric acid, and insulin resistance. Multiple regression analysis revealed that PrFT was positively correlated with NFS ( β =0.146, P < 0.001) and FIB-4 ( β =0.082, P =0.025) in the MAFLD. In contrast, PrFT was negatively correlated with CT L-S ( β =− 0.188, P < 0.001). Furthermore, PrFT was also significantly associated with MAFLD independent of VFA and SFA, the OR (95% CI) was 1.279 (1.191– 1.374). Meanwhile, PrFT also had a good identifying value for MAFLD as VFA. The area under the curve (95% CI) value of PrFT identifying MAFLD was 0.782 (0.751– 0.812). The optimal cut-off value of PrFT was 12.6mm, with a sensitivity of 77.8% and specificity of 70.8%. Conclusion: PrFT was independently associated with MAFLD, NFS, and FIB-4 and showed a similar identifying value for MAFLD as VFA, which suggested that PrFT can be used as an alternative index to VFA.