Key result
High-dose Panax notoginseng triol saponins significantly reduced cerebral infarction size and brain water content compared to the model group in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion.
Why the study?
Panax notoginseng triol saponins has been used clinically for ischemic stroke therapy, but its anti-platelet aggregation mechanism of action is not fully understood.
Does Panax notoginseng triol saponins (PTS) reduce cerebral infarct size and inhibit platelet aggregation in a rat model of ischemic stroke?
Does Panax notoginseng triol saponins (PTS) reduce cerebral infarct size and inhibit platelet aggregation in a rat model of ischemic stroke?
p-value: p=<0.05
PTS exerts anti-platelet aggregation and neuroprotective effects in ischemic stroke by regulating GP1BA protein expression and arachidonic acid metabolism.
Hypothesis-generating for PTS in rodent stroke models; leaves open human translation and clinical testing.
Background: Panax notoginseng triol saponins (PTS) has been used clinically for ischemic stroke therapy (IST) in China for more than seventeen years due to its anti-platelet aggregation and neuro-protective effects, but its mechanism of action is not fully understand. In this study, anti-platelet aggregation-related protein analysis and computer simulations of drug-protein binding interactions were performed to explore the mechanism of the effects of PTS against ischemic stroke in an ischemia reperfusion model. Methods: Three oral doses of PTS were administered in a model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats. Panax notoginseng total saponins (PNS) and a combination of PTS and aspirin were chosen for comparison. To evaluate therapeutic effects and explore possible mechanisms of anti-platelet aggregation, we measured cerebral infarct size and water content in brain tissue, histomorphological changes, expression of related factors (such as arachidonic acid metabolites) and platelet receptors in serum, as well as the binding affinity of PTS for platelet adhesion receptors. Results: Compared with PNS, PTS showed a stronger and more potent anti-platelet aggregation effect in MCAO model rats. The combination of PTS and aspirin could reduce adverse gastrointestinal effects by regulating the TXA 2 /PGI 2 ratio. We demonstrated for the first time that PTS was able to regulate Glycoprotein Ib-α (GP1BA) in a model animal. The binding of ginsenoside Rg 1 and GP1BA could form a stable structure. Moreover, PTS could reduce von Willebrand factor (VWF)-mediated platelet adhesion to damaged vascular endothelium, and thus enhance the probability of anti-platelet aggregation and anti-thrombosis under pathological conditions. Conclusions: Our results showed that GP1BA was closely related to the anti-platelet aggregation action of PTS, which provided new scientific and molecular evidence for its clinical application.
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Xu et al. (2021) studied Ischemic stroke (MCAO model) (n=56). Panax notoginseng triol saponins (PTS) vs. Distilled water (model control) was evaluated on Cerebral infarct size (p=<0.05). High-dose Panax notoginseng triol saponins significantly reduced cerebral infarction size and brain water content compared to the model group in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion.
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