Composition of Urinary Calculi by X‐ray Diffraction. Collected Data From Various Localities

SUMMARY The composition of 101 upper and 29 lower urinary tract stones from Leeds, England has been determined by the X‐ray powder method. The proportion of compounds present in the kidney and ureter series resembles closely that for a similar collection from the Norwich area of England. The major constituents are the calcium oxalates and calcium phosphates. A similar trend with small variations is shown in comparable stones from Thailand but not in the collection from Czechoslovakia where uric acid is the major constituent. Oxalate or phosphate forms the nucleus of the majority of the Leeds stones. Calculi from the lower urinary tract consist mainly of apatite with smaller amounts of struvite and calcium oxalate monohydrate.