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Excellent selectivity in highly competitive serum was displayed by a synthetic fluorescent receptor incorporating phenylboronic acid and ammonium groups for the therapeutic anticoagulant heparin. The concentration of heparin at clinically relevant dosing levels can be measured from the emission quenching. The binding is reversible as shown by the regeneration of the fluorescence on addition of protamine (see graph).
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Wright et al. (2005) studied this question.
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