Large-scale functional network connectivity mediates the associations between lipids metabolism and cognition in type 2 diabetes

Figures

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  Figure 1.. Flowchart from the initial screening to the final analysis. T2D: type 2 diabetes; OGTT: oral glucose tolerance test; MoCA: Montreal cognitive assessment.

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  Figure 2.. Spatial maps of thirteen functional networks. aDMN: anterior default mode network; pDMN: posterior default mode network; lFPN: left frontoparietal network; rFPN: right frontoparietal network; SN: salience network; DAN: dorsal attention network; VAN: ventral attention network; dSMN: dorsal sensorimotor network; vSMN: ventral sensorimotor network; AN: auditory network; mVN: medial visual network; lVN: lateral visual network; pVN: posterior visual network.

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  Figure 3.. (a) Average between-network FC matrix. Hot colors represent positive FC, while cool colors represent negative FC. (b-e) Comparison of between-network FC among groups. Line thickness represents the size of the statistic value (F value or t value), with hot and cool colors representing enhanced and reduced FC respectively. Purple indicates survival after FDR correction. (f) Partial correlation heatmap among between-network FCs, cognitive assessments and lipid profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes, with age, sex, education and head motions as covariates. FC: functional connectivity; aDMN: anterior default mode network; pDMN: posterior default mode network; lFPN: left frontoparietal network; rFPN: right frontoparietal network; SN: salience network; DAN: dorsal attention network; VAN: ventral attention network; dSMN: dorsal sensorimotor network; vSMN: ventral sensorimotor network; AN: auditory network; mVN: medial visual network; lVN: lateral visual network; pVN: posterior visual network; MoCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment; TG: triglyceride; TC: total cholesterol; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein.

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  Figure 4.. (a) Within-network FC alterations among the three groups. (b) Boxplot shows group comparisons in within-network FCs, significance threshold correction was performed based on FWE method with a voxel level of p < 0.001 and a cluster level of p < 0.05. (c) Scatter Plot shows partial correlations between the specific within-network FC alteration with MoCA scores in type 2 diabetes, with age, sex, education and head motions as covariates. aDMN: anterior default mode network; DAN: dorsal attention network; lVN: lateral visual network; PCC: post cingulate gyrus; MOG: middle occipital gyrus; SPL: superior parietal lobe; MoCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment.

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  Figure 5.. (a) Canonical correlation analysis to determine multivariate associations among seven between-network FCs and four lipid parameters. Scatter plot of canonical scores for the significant canonical correlation mode. (b) Canonical coefficients corresponding to the between-network FC. (c) Canonical coefficients corresponding to four lipid parameters. (d-e) Mediation analyses for the associations among between-network FC score, lipid metabolism score, and cognitive assessments in patients with type 2 diabetes. The standardized β-coefficient was derived from mediation models controlling for age, sex, and education. Values are standardized path coefficients with standard errors or 95% CIs in parentheses. *p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 was considered significant. aDMN: anterior default mode network; lFPN: left frontoparietal network; DAN: dorsal attention network; VAN: ventral attention network; dSMN: dorsal sensorimotor network; vSMN: ventral sensorimotor network; mVN: medial visual network; lVN: lateral visual network; pVN: posterior visual network; TG: triglyceride; TC: total cholesterol; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; MoCA: Montreal Cognitive…