Key result
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus exhibited widespread concordant abnormalities in spontaneous brain activity, primarily involving motor and sensory processing regions such as the bilateral cerebellum posterior lobe and left supplementary motor area.
Why the study?
Previous studies evaluated brain alterations in T2DM using single rs-fMRI indices, prompting an evaluation using multiple indices to explore spontaneous brain activity and cognitive dysfunction relationships.
Does type 2 diabetes mellitus alter spontaneous brain activity measured by rs-fMRI indices compared to healthy controls?
Cross-Sectional (n=104)
No
Does type 2 diabetes mellitus alter spontaneous brain activity measured by rs-fMRI indices compared to healthy controls?
p-value: p=<0.05
Patients with T2DM exhibit widespread abnormalities in spontaneous brain activity involving motor and sensory processing functions, providing insight into T2DM-related neurological pathophysiology.
May indicate T2DM-related neurological changes on rs-fMRI; leaves open causal links and clinical utility.
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been identified as a risk factor that increases the rate of cognitive decline. Previous studies showed that patients with T2DM had brain function alterations based on a single index of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). The present study aimed to explore spontaneous brain activity in patients with T2DM by comparing various rs-fMRI indices, and to determine the relationship between these changes and cognitive dysfunction. Methods: A total of 52 patients with T2DM and age- and sex-matched control participants were included in this study. The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), and voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) values were calculated to represent the status of spontaneous neural activity. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used for the rapid evaluation of cognition in all subjects. Pearson correlation and mediation analyses were conducted to investigate the relationship between rs-fMRI indices and clinical parameters such as fasting glucose, disease duration, and MoCA. Results: Patients with T2DM had alterations of concordant spontaneous brain activity in brain areas including the bilateral cerebellum posterior lobe, the left inferior temporal gyrus (ITG.L), the parahippocampal gyrus, and the left supplementary motor area (SMA.L). The indices were significantly correlated to each other in most of the detected brain areas. Positive correlations were observed between fasting glucose and neural activity in the surrounding areas of the left insula and the inferior frontal gyrus. MoCA scores were negatively correlated with the ReHo values extracted from the left anterior occipital lobe and the superior cerebellar cortex and were positively correlated with VMHC values extracted from the left caudate and the precentral gyrus (PreCG). No significant mediation effect of abnormal brain activity was found in the relationship between clinical parameters and MoCA scores. Conclusion: The current study demonstrated the functional concordance of abnormal brain activities in patients with T2DM by comparing ALFF, ReHo, and VMHC measurements. Widespread abnormalities mainly involved in motor and sensory processing functions may provide insight into examining T2DM-related neurological pathophysiology.
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Zhang et al. (2023) conducted a cross-sectional in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (n=104). Type 2 diabetes mellitus vs. Healthy controls was evaluated on Alterations in spontaneous brain activity measured by ALFF, ReHo, and VMHC (p=<0.05). Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus exhibited widespread concordant abnormalities in spontaneous brain activity, primarily involving motor and sensory processing regions such as the bilateral cerebellum posterior lobe and left supplementary motor area.
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