A fully automated on‐line HPLC‐HRGC instrument is described. Samples are loaded into an HPLC autosampler. Pre‐separation is carried out, automatically transferring the previously determined HPLC fraction to GC. Total HPLC fractions are introduced into GC, using the on‐column or the loop‐type interface, depending on the solvent evaporation technique applied. The HPLC column is automatically backflushed with a suitable solvent during GC analysis. The instrument was used for analyzing heroin metabolites, particularly morphine, in urine samples. Raw urine extracts were injected into HPLC and analyzed by GC using FID.
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Munari et al. (1988) studied this question.
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