Sydenham’s Chorea in an 11-Year-Old Girl at the Bouaké University Hospital (Côte d’Ivoire)

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Sydenham’s chorea is a neurological complication of acute rheumatic fever (ARF), frequently encountered in developing countries. It presents with involuntary movements, psychiatric disturbances, and muscular hypotonia, typically occurring in a post-streptococcal infection context. The diagnosis is primarily clinical. We report the case of an 11-year-old adolescent admitted for abnormal movements, in whom clinical and paraclinical evaluation led to the diagnosis of Sydenham’s chorea. The outcome was favorable under treatment combining antibiotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and valproic acid. The aim of this case report is to highlight the epidemiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic features of this condition through a clinical case and a review of the literature.