In chronic hemodialysis patients, early onset of left ventricular systolic dysfunction (EF ≤ 40%) is strongly associated with poor prognosis and high rates of cardiac death, particularly in diabetic patients.
Early-onset low EF in hemodialysis patients signals markedly worse survival; hypothesis-generating and requires prospective validation before guiding care.
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Masayuki Waku (2001) studied this question.
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