Potential nephroprotective effects of angiotensin II type 2 receptor agonist Compound 21 in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury

Figures

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  Figure 1. Urea (mg/dl) levels in study groups. Results are represented as mean ± standard error of mean, *p≤0.05 compared to sham, #p≤0.05 versus control.

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  Figure 2. Creatinine (mg/dl) levels in study groups. Results are expressed as mean ± standard error of mean, *p≤0.05 versus sham group, #p≤0.05 versus control and vehicle groups.

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  Figure 3. IL-6 levels (pg/ml) in study groups. Results are expressed as mean ± standard error of mean, *p≤0.05 versus sham group, #p≤0.05 versus control and vehicle groups.

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  Figure 4. Serum levels of TNF-α (pg/ml) in study groups. Data are expressed as mean ± standard error of mean, *p≤0.05 versus the sham group, #p≤0.05 versus the control group.

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  Figure 5. Levels of 8-isoprostane (pg/ml) in study groups. Results are expressed as mean ± standard error of mean, *p≤0.05 versus the sham group, #p≤0.05 versus the control group.

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  Figure 6. Comparative H&E staining of renal tissue sections (magnification 10X). A: Normal morphology in the sham group. B: Control group with glomerular atrophy (black arrows), tubular atrophy (blue arrows), and Bowman space dilation (red arrows). C: Vehicle group with normal glomeruli (black arrows) and severe tubular hypertrophy. D: C21 group with preserved glomerular structure (black arrows) and mild tubular hypertrophy (blue arrows).

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  Figure 7. P-AKT immunostaining in renal tissues across study groups. A: Sham group with positive P-AKT staining (brown) at 100x magnification. B: The control group shows negative P-AKT (blue color) x100. C: Vehicle group shows negative P-AKT (blue color) x100. D: The C21-treated group exhibits strong P-AKT staining (brown) at x100

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  Figure 8. Gene expression of PI3K among the study groups, data are presented as mean SEM, *p<0.05 versus control; #p<0.05 versus control group