Cardiovascular and respiratory evaluation in adenosine A2A receptor knockout mice submitted to short‐term sustained hypoxia

Figures

• 

  FIGURE 1. Schematic representation of protocol for cardiovascular and respiratory recordings in conscious freely moving mice submitted to SH or normoxia.

• 

  FIGURE 2. Schematic representation of protocol for arterial blood collections before and after SH in conscious freely moving mice.

• 

  FIGURE 3. Representative genotype results for A2AKO and Balb/c WT mice. DNA ladder and PCR products for one representative wild‐type mouse and one adenosine A2A receptor knockout mouse. C−: negative control. Blue arrows are pointing to 500 and 300 bp weight bands.

• 

  FIGURE 4. Cardiovascular parameters of conscious freely moving Balb/c WT and A2AKO mice submitted to SH or normoxia. Average values of mean arterial pressure (MAP, a), systolic arterial pressure (SAP, b), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP, c) and heart rate (HR, d) of mice from Balb/c WT control group (n = 11), Balb/c WT SH group (n = 11), A2AKO control group (n = 13) and A2AKO SH group (n = 10). Two‐way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post‐hoc test to compare differences between groups. P‐values for individual factors, interaction and post‐hoc comparison test are indicated. *Different from the respective normoxia control group (P < 0.05).

• 

  FIGURE 5. Respiratory parameters of conscious freely moving Balb/c WT and A2AKO mice submitted to SH or normoxia (control). Average values of respiratory frequency (f R, a), tidal volume (V T, b), and ventilation (V˙E, c) of mice from Balb/c WT control group (n = 11), Balb/c WT SH group (n = 13), A2AKO control group (n = 13) and A2AKO SH group (n = 10). Two‐way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post‐hoc test to compare differences between groups. P‐values for individual factors, interaction and post‐hoc comparison test are indicated. *Different from the respective normoxia control group (P < 0.05). #Different from the respective genetic control (P < 0.05).

• 

  FIGURE 6. Cardiovascular responses to peripheral chemoreceptor activation with KCN of conscious freely moving Balb/c WT and A2AKO mice maintained in normoxia or submitted to SH. Average values of increase in arterial pressure (ΔMAP, a) and heart rate reduction (ΔHR, b) in response to peripheral chemoreceptor activation of mice from Balb/c WT control group (n = 7), Balb/c WT SH group (n = 9), A2AKO control group (n = 8) and A2AKO SH group (n = 7). Two‐way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post‐hoc test to compare differences between groups. P‐values for individual factors, interaction and post‐hoc comparison test are indicated.

• 

  FIGURE 7. Blood gases and biochemical parameters in arterial blood of conscious freely moving Balb/c WT and A2AKO mice before and after SH. Average values of pH (a), bicarbonate concentration (HCO3 −, b), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2, c), partial pressure of oxygen (PO2, d), and oxygen saturation (SO2, e) in arterial blood of WT mice before (n = 8) and after SH (n = 8), and A2AKO mice before (n = 11) and after SH (n = 10). Mixed‐effects model analysis for repeated‐measures followed by Bonferroni post‐hoc test to compare differences between groups. P‐values for individual factors, interaction and post‐hoc comparison test are indicated. *Different from the measurement before SH (P < 0.05).