XXXVIII.Diffraction and refraction of a horizontally polarized electromagnetic wave over a spherical earth

Formulas are derived for the electromagnetic field at a point on or above the surface of a spherical earth due to the presence of a vertical magnetic dipole. It is shown that the resultant field resembles that due to a vertical electric dipole above a spherical earth of low conductivity, and that in the magnetic case the values of the earth constants are of much less importance than in the electric. Curves are included showing the variation of the field with distance and with height.