I. INTRODUCTION Piezoelectricity was first discovered in 1880 by the brothers Pierre and Jacques Curie.1 They observed that when pressure is applied to the surface of a quartz crystal an electrical potential forms between the deformed surfaces, and they also found that the application of a voltage to a quartz crystal effected physical distortions. The crystal, when activated by a concise electrical charge, will vibrate mechanically for a short period until physical equilibrium is established.
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Guilbault et al. (1988) studied this question.
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