Population
Preclinical models including cat auricle fibres, frog sinus venosus, tortoise sinus venosus, and eel heart
Comparison
Vagus stimulation and application of… vs Baseline conditions
Design
Review
Authors
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Early frog/tortoise data confirm acetylcholine-driven K+ efflux in sinus tissue; leaves open translation to human vagal therapies.
This historical perspective highlights early foundational experiments demonstrating that vagal inhibition of the heart is mediated by increased potassium permeability.
O. F. Hutter (2012) studied this question.
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