Why the study?
Do respiratory manoeuvres induce spontaneous contrast in the left atrium during transoesophageal echocardiography?
Population
30 consecutive patients referred for transoesophageal echocardiography
Comparison
Respiratory manoeuvres with and without venous… vs Normal respiration with and without venous…
Design
Cross-sectional
Authors
Loading...
May induce false-positive PFO diagnoses on TEE if Valsalva precedes contrast; leaves open standardized sequencing in prospective studies.
Do respiratory manoeuvres induce spontaneous contrast in the left atrium during transoesophageal echocardiography?
Respiratory manoeuvres frequently induce transient contrast in the left atrium independently of venous injections, highlighting the need to perform these manoeuvres before contrast injection to avoid false positive diagnoses of patent foramen ovale.
Camp et al. (1994) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 3 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: