What question did this study set out to answer?

To propose the Racial Trauma Treatment Triad (RTTT) and evaluate standard trauma therapies against the specific cognitive, physiological, and behavioral manifestations of racial trauma in Aboriginal Australians.

August 19, 2026Clinical Psychologist

The Racial Trauma Treatment Triad (RTTT): a culturally adapted cognitive-behavioural-physiological framework for Aboriginal Australians

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Authors

TWTracy Westerman

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Overview

Narrative review reveals limitations of standard trauma therapies in Aboriginal Australians, suggesting the utility of a culturally adapted treatment triad.

Key Points

To propose the Racial Trauma Treatment Triad (RTTT) and evaluate standard trauma therapies against the specific cognitive, physiological, and behavioral manifestations of racial trauma in Aboriginal Australians.
Conducted a narrative review evaluating five standard trauma interventions: prolonged exposure, trauma-focused cognitive-behavioural therapy, cognitive processing therapy, eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing, and narrative exposure therapy.
Assessed these modalities against pre-trauma, peri-trauma, and post-trauma variables relevant to Aboriginal racial trauma.
Developed the RTTT clinical framework, detailing session structure, culturally adapted content, and a measurement model incorporating Black identity formation and the Acculturation Scale for Aboriginal Australians.
Showed that all five standard therapies assume discrete trauma onset and offset, overlook race-mediated cognitions such as internalized racism, and fail to target race-specific physiological stress and behavioral responses.
Established that the RTTT resolves these clinical gaps by mandating that every treatment session addresses goals across thoughts, physical responses, and behaviors using culturally specific content.

Cite This Study

Tracy Westerman (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a85634f03308d306e2d6696 https://doi.org/10.1080/13284207.2026.2714972

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August 19, 2026Clinical Psychologist

The Racial Trauma Treatment Triad (RTTT): a culturally adapted cognitive-behavioural-physiological framework for Aboriginal Australians

View Full Paper

Ask AI

Bookmark

Authors

TWTracy Westerman

Discussion

Member takes

Overview

Narrative review reveals limitations of standard trauma therapies in Aboriginal Australians, suggesting the utility of a culturally adapted treatment triad.

Key Points

To propose the Racial Trauma Treatment Triad (RTTT) and evaluate standard trauma therapies against the specific cognitive, physiological, and behavioral manifestations of racial trauma in Aboriginal Australians.
Conducted a narrative review evaluating five standard trauma interventions: prolonged exposure, trauma-focused cognitive-behavioural therapy, cognitive processing therapy, eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing, and narrative exposure therapy.
Assessed these modalities against pre-trauma, peri-trauma, and post-trauma variables relevant to Aboriginal racial trauma.
Developed the RTTT clinical framework, detailing session structure, culturally adapted content, and a measurement model incorporating Black identity formation and the Acculturation Scale for Aboriginal Australians.
Showed that all five standard therapies assume discrete trauma onset and offset, overlook race-mediated cognitions such as internalized racism, and fail to target race-specific physiological stress and behavioral responses.
Established that the RTTT resolves these clinical gaps by mandating that every treatment session addresses goals across thoughts, physical responses, and behaviors using culturally specific content.

Cite This Study

Tracy Westerman (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a85634f03308d306e2d6696 https://doi.org/10.1080/13284207.2026.2714972

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