What question did this study set out to answer?

Determine whether a single continuous medium functional calibrated solely to light speed and electron mass can derive long-range electromagnetic, gravitational, and inertial forces without introducing new parameters.

August 19, 2026Open Access

Electromagnetism, Gravity, and Inertia in One Medium

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Authors

XLXue LiFirst Hospital of Jiaxing

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Implication

Theoretical analysis demonstrates emergent electromagnetism, gravity, and Newtonian inertia from a single continuous medium functional, suggesting fundamental forces share a unified geometric origin.

Key Points

Determine whether a single continuous medium functional calibrated solely to light speed and electron mass can derive long-range electromagnetic, gravitational, and inertial forces without introducing new parameters.
Analyzed the infrared and weak-field limits of a continuous complex deformation field functional carrying a scalar condensate.
Applied topological defect theory, phase-amplitude separation, linearisation, and Noether's conservation theorem to determine emergent force laws.
Employed Lovelock uniqueness arguments to evaluate the theoretical correspondence with general relativity.
Recovered Maxwell's equations in Coulomb gauge, the Lorentz force, exact inverse-square gravitation, the equivalence principle, and Newton's second law (F = ma) without adding free parameters.
Demonstrated that inertial mass and gravitational mass emerge as a single unified quantity rather than two independently equivalent values.
Calculated that the electron's gravitational and electric charges agree within O(1) geometrically, attributing the 10⁻⁴³ hierarchy ratio to spatial deformations rather than disparate fundamental couplings.

Cite This Study

Xue Li (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a8563c403308d306e2d70f8 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21983895

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Implication

Theoretical analysis demonstrates emergent electromagnetism, gravity, and Newtonian inertia from a single continuous medium functional, suggesting fundamental forces share a unified geometric origin.

Electromagnetism, Gravity, and Inertia in One Medium

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

Electromagnetism, Gravity, and Inertia in One Medium

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

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