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The paper investigates whether electron properties can arise from a single structure in one medium, influenced by the vacuum's state.

August 12, 2026Open Access

Vacuum and Particle as Deformations of One Medium

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Preprint explores a single medium's role in defining electron properties, suggesting topological structures.

The paper investigates whether electron properties can arise from a single structure in one medium, influenced by the vacuum's state.
Developed a continuous, locally volume-preserving manifold with a complex field governed by a Mexican-hat functional.
Identified the vacuum as a harmonic standing-wave solution and particles as topological defects.
Utilized axioms and unit bridges to derive charge and magnetic properties from fundamental constants.
Charge was defined as a winding number and quantified with high precision (α⁻¹ = 136.99) versus measured values.
The model predicts g-factor value (g = 2) and matches the Bohr magneton without fitting to hadronic data.
Highlighted open problems regarding structural limits and energy-momentum distributions of electrons.

Xue Li (2026) studied this question.

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