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August 19, 2026Next MaterialsOpen Access

Candle-soot particles as a low-cost seed priming agent for enhanced germination and salinity tolerance in tomato

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Authors

ASAnca Awal SembadaAFAhmad FaizalMOMohamed Syazwan Osman

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Overview

Experimental study reveals that candle-soot seed priming enhances germination and salinity tolerance in tomato seedlings, indicating a low-cost strategy for salt-affected agriculture.

Key Points

  • To assess the efficacy of candle-soot particles as an affordable, low-cost seed priming agent for improving tomato seed germination and seedling vigor under salt stress.
  • Synthesized candle-soot carbonaceous particles using a flame-collection method and characterized their properties.
  • Treated tomato seeds with soot priming prior to germination testing across five salinity levels (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM NaCl).
  • Soot priming enhanced germination percentage, seedling vigour, and stress tolerance indices across all evaluated salinity concentrations.
  • Treated seedlings exhibited reduced accumulation of Na+ and Cl- ions, lower levels of malondialdehyde and proline, and moderated activities of antioxidant enzymes including catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and ascorbic acid oxidase.
  • Temporal dynamics of starch degradation and soluble sugar accumulation remained comparable between primed and non-primed seeds during salinity exposure.

Cite This Study

Sembada et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a8563d703308d306e2d72f3https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxmate.2026.103189
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