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August 19, 2026Scientific ReportsOpen Access

Spatial variability of soil properties in Kiltie watershed, Upper Blue Nile Basin, Northwestern, Ethiopia

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Authors

GDGetu Abey DenekewuDMDerege Tsegaye MesheshaEAEnyew Adgo

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Overview

Geospatial modeling study evaluates spatial interpolation methods for watershed soil properties, highlighting the need for combined validation techniques to guide site-specific management.

Key Points

  • To assess the spatial variability of soil properties and evaluate four spatial interpolation techniques for site-specific soil management.
  • Collected 19 georeferenced surface soil samples (depth 0–20 cm) using grid sampling.
  • Performed descriptive and geospatial semivariogram modeling (Gaussian, Spherical, and Exponential fits) in R and ArcGIS.
  • Assessed four spatial interpolation methods using leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) and backward elimination regression (BER).
  • Soil properties displayed low (0.04 to 0.06) to moderate (0.12 to 0.35) coefficients of variation.
  • Nugget-to-sill ratios indicated weak spatial dependence for sand, silt, clay, bulk density, and moisture content (0.94 to 1.0), moderate dependence for organic carbon (0.28), and strong dependence for structural stability index (0.20) and pH (0.12).
  • Model evaluation based on LOOCV R² and RMSE alone failed to consistently select optimal interpolation methods, requiring backward elimination regression for model selection.

Cite This Study

Denekewu et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a8563d703308d306e2d7377https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-67126-4
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