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August 19, 2026Journal of Clinical MedicineOpen Access

Effects of Physical Exercise, Cognitive Stimulation, and Their Combination on Mobility, Cognitive Function, and Psychosocial Well-Being in Older Adults Residing in Long-Term Care: Protocol for a Randomised Controlled Trial

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Authors

NCNuno CarvalhoRLRocío Llamas‐RamosILInés Llamas‐Ramos

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Overview

Randomized trial outlines a protocol evaluating exercise, cognitive stimulation, and combined interventions in long-term care residents, highlighting strategies to preserve mobility and cognition.

Key Points

  • Determine whether a 12-week combined physical exercise and cognitive stimulation intervention improves executive function, functional mobility, and quality of life compared with single-component interventions or usual care in institutionalized older adults.
  • Four-arm, parallel-group, assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial allocating 140 long-term care residents aged 65 years or older across Portuguese facilities in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
  • Participants receive supervised multicomponent exercise, group cognitive stimulation, combined exercise plus cognitive stimulation (3 sessions per week for 12 weeks), or usual care.
  • Outcomes are measured at baseline, 12 weeks, and 6-month follow-up, analyzing Stroop interference scores, Timed Up and Go times, and EQ-5D-5L index values using mixed-effects models.
  • Data collection and recruitment had not commenced prior to manuscript submission; no clinical trial data or endpoint outcomes are reported.
  • The planned analyses will determine the comparative efficacy of combined versus single-component interventions against usual care under an intention-to-treat framework.

Cite This Study

Carvalho et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a8563eb03308d306e2d75e6https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15166327
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