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August 19, 2026Drug Delivery and Translational ResearchOpen Access

Imaging of intranasal drug delivery to the brain: updated review 2.0

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Authors

HBHannah E. BeavenMSMarina R. SchinkerTOThura Tun Oo

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Overview

Narrative review highlights advances in in vivo imaging of nose-to-brain drug delivery across preclinical models and humans, suggesting improved tracking for central nervous system therapies.

Key Points

  • Summarize recent progress from 2020 to 2025 in in vivo imaging techniques used to track and evaluate nose-to-brain therapeutic delivery for central nervous system disorders.
  • Conducted a targeted literature search using the keywords "Intranasal delivery" and "Imaging" for studies published between 2020 and 2025.
  • Reviewed preclinical and clinical applications of MRI, PET, SPECT, CT, gamma scintigraphy, and optical imaging (bioluminescence and fluorescence), alongside image-guided techniques like focused ultrasound.
  • Outlined the operational strengths and limitations of clinical and preclinical imaging modalities in assessing nose-to-brain pharmacokinetics and biodistribution.
  • Highlighted the expanding utility of image-guided therapeutic interventions, including focused ultrasound, to enhance targeted drug localization in the central nervous system.

Cite This Study

Beaven et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a8563eb03308d306e2d766bhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s13346-026-02204-8
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