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August 19, 2026SustainabilityOpen Access

Adoption of Digital Technologies and Artificial Intelligence: A Panel Data Analysis of Sustainable Economic Performance in European Union Countries

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Authors

GHGheorghe HurduzeuRPRamona PîrvuLNLaura NICOLA-GAVRILĂ

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Overview

Panel data analysis reveals positive impacts of digital technology and AI on resource productivity across European Union countries, suggesting digitalization complements sustainability goals.

Key Points

  • To evaluate the degree to which digital technology and artificial intelligence adoption contribute to decoupling economic growth from material resource consumption across European Union member nations.
  • Analyzed a balanced panel dataset of 27 European Union Member States across the 2015–2024 period using verifiable official secondary data.
  • Tested for first-order integration and cointegration, applying fixed-effects panel regression models with resource productivity (GDP divided by domestic material consumption) as the dependent variable.
  • Performed repeated cross-sectional analyses on artificial intelligence adoption data from 2021, 2023, and 2024.
  • Digital technology adoption exerted a statistically significant positive effect on resource productivity, with human capital proving to be the most robust determinant alongside a positive contribution from research intensity.
  • Artificial intelligence adoption exhibited a statistically significant positive association with resource productivity across recent measurement periods.

Cite This Study

Hurduzeu et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a8563eb03308d306e2d7694https://doi.org/10.3390/su18168386
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