Defending Role of Red Grape Extract Against Nicotine Induced Changes of Carbohydrate Metabolism in the Skeletal Muscle Tissues of Male Albino Rat With Reference to Aging

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A grape (Vitis vinifera) is commercial juice product have been applied in medical research studies, showing potential benefits against the diseases. Nicotine, a major toxic component of cigarette smoking, has long been recognized to result in oxidative stress by inducing the generation of reactive oxygen species in the skeletal muscle tissue. Wistar strain male albino rats were used in the present study, rats were divided into 4 groups of six in each group i) Normal Control (NC) (Control rats received 0.9% saline) ; ii) Nicotine treated (Nt) (at a dose of 0.6 mg/ kg body weight by subcutaneous injection for a period of 2 months ); iii) Red Grape extract treated (RGEt) (red grape extract 50mg/kg body weight (after the standardization) via orogastric tube for a period of 2 months.); IV)) Nicotine + Red Grape (Nt+RGEt) (Rats were received the nicotine with a dose as mentioned in Group II and Group III. The animals were sacrificed after 48 hrs after the last treatment by cervical dislocation and isolated the skeletal muscle tissues fiber types such as Gastrocnemeus (GN) and soleus (SOL) The levels of Total carbohydrates content, Glycogen, Total free aminoacids and Glycogenphosphorylases (a and ab) were decreed in nicotine treated rats in the skeletal muscle tissue and increased was observed in the combination treatment (Ni+RGEt) ratsof 50 mg/kg body weight found more effective. This results stating that red grape extract treated rats are beneficial, especially for the nicotine subjects,and thereby to improve the health status and life span.