Fault Location Utilizing Unsynchronized Voltage Measurements During Fault

Diverse transmission line fault location methods have been proposed utilizing voltages and currents as inputs. This article develops several algorithms utilizing only the voltages, dispensing with current transformers and thus eliminating the errors caused by saturation of current transformers. The algorithms are applicable to line to ground faults, line to line faults, and line to line to ground faults. The algorithms utilize unsynchronized fault voltage measurements from two ends of a line and do not require pre-fault data. Shunt capacitances of the line are fully considered. Encouraging results have been obtained by simulation studies.