Why the study?
To compare the efficacy and safety of combined anesthesia using low-dose spinal anesthesia with morphine versus general anesthesia in ASA class II and III patients undergoing upper abdominal laparotomy.
Does combined anesthesia with intrathecal low-dose bupivacaine and morphine reduce systemic opioid use and improve hemodynamic stability compared to general anesthesia alone in patients undergoing elective upper abdominal laparotomy?
Does combined anesthesia with intrathecal low-dose bupivacaine and morphine reduce systemic opioid use and improve hemodynamic stability compared to general anesthesia alone in patients undergoing elective upper abdominal laparotomy?
Combined anesthesia with intrathecal low-dose bupivacaine and morphine reduces systemic opioid requirements and improves hemodynamic stability during upper abdominal laparotomy.
Combined low-dose intrathecal morphine-bupivacaine with GA may reduce opioid needs and stabilize hemodynamics in elderly upper-abdominal laparotomy; leaves open need for RCTs before practice change.
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Kanankou et al. (2019) studied this question.
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