In Vitro Spinal Biomechanics

The functional units making up the spinal column allow fully six degrees of freedom, but with range of motion constraints due to the associated ligamentous and bony structures. Research into the behavior of the spine requires complex testing methodologies, consequently. Reproducing physiologic behavior in the spine requires the application of suitable forces or displacements through loading frames that do not interfere with the its intrinsic behavior. Monitoring of the outcomes can be done on the basis of force, length or pressure measurements, or combinations thereof. An exploration of testing methodologies and apparatus is presented. The applicability and related overheads, due to data acquisition or analysis, of such methods are discussed. This will provide a means for the researcher to assess the hardware requirements to attain the objectives of their project.