Effects of Dietary Supplementation of PrimaLac, Inulin, and Biomin Imbo on Growth Performance, Antioxidant, and Innate Immune Responses of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics have been successfully used in dietary supplements to achieve aquatic animal health and therefore increase the quality and sustainability of fish production. In the present study, four hundred and twenty common carps, Cyprinus carpio ( <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><a:mn>25.37</a:mn><a:mo>±</a:mo><a:mn>0.22</a:mn><a:mtext> </a:mtext><a:mtext>g</a:mtext></a:math> ; <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><c:mtext>mean</c:mtext><c:mo>±</c:mo><c:mtext>SE</c:mtext></c:math> ) were randomly attributed to seven treatments, fed with diets containing PrimaLac (probiotic), inulin (prebiotic), and Biomin Imbo (synbiotic), 1 and 2 g/kg for each supplement. After 60 days of feeding, an increase in final weight (FW), weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), and survival rate (SR) was recorded in the treatment groups compared to that of the control ( <e:math xmlns:e="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><e:mi>P</e:mi><e:mo><</e:mo><e:mn>0.05</e:mn></e:math> ). The food conversion ratio (FCR) in the treatment groups significantly decreased ( <g:math xmlns:g="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"><g:mi>P</g:mi><g:mo><</g:mo><g:mn>0.05</g:mn></g:math> ). The treated groups showed significant improvements in serum immune parameters: lysozyme (LYZ), alternative complement (ACH50), total immunoglobulin (total Ig), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) ( <i:math xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5"><i:mi>P</i:mi><i:mo><</i:mo><i:mn>0.05</i:mn></i:math> ). Feeding fish with supplemented diets significantly showed enhanced antioxidant status: catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Malondialdehyde (MDA) activity was significantly lower in fish fed dietary additives ( <k:math xmlns:k="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M6"><k:mi>P</k:mi><k:mo><</k:mo><k:mn>0.05</k:mn></k:math> ). Compared with the control group, enzyme parameters revealed that supplementation could significantly decrease alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and aspartate transaminase (AST) ( <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M7"><m:mi>P</m:mi><m:mo><</m:mo><m:mn>0.05</m:mn></m:math> ). The biochemical parameters including triglyceride (TRIG), cholesterol (CHO), glucose (GLU), and cortisol (CORT) decreased with dietary supplementation ( <o:math xmlns:o="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M8"><o:mi>P</o:mi><o:mo><</o:mo><o:mn>0.05</o:mn></o:math> ). Total protein (TP) increased in fish fed experimental diets ( <q:math xmlns:q="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M9"><q:mi>P</q:mi><q:mo><</q:mo><q:mn>0.05</q:mn></q:math> ). Fish fed pro, pre, and synbiotic exhibited significantly higher digestive enzymes (amylase, lipase, and protease) ( <s:math xmlns:s="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M10"><s:mi>P</s:mi><s:mo><</s:mo><s:mn>0.05</s:mn></s:math> ). Skin mucus parameters (total Ig, ACH50, LYZ, protease, and ALP) were significantly enhanced in groups fed dietary additives ( <u:math xmlns:u="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M11"><u:mi>P</u:mi><u:mo><</u:mo><u:mn>0.05</u:mn></u:math> ). Thus, the best recommended inclusion level of supplementation is 2 g/kg for inulin and 2 g/kg for PrimaLac and doses of 1 or 2 g/kg for Biomin Imbo. Dietary PrimaLac, inulin, and Biomin Imbo could be recommended as beneficial feed additives to enhance growth performance, innate immune and antioxidant systems, and promoted biochemical parameters and digestion of common carp; also, the effect of dietary synbiotic was superior to that of prebiotic and probiotic.