Impact of chlorine dioxide (ClO ₂ ) on reverse osmosis (RO) membrane integrity: degradation behavior, surface property changes, and implications for biofouling control

This is the authors' abstract. We don't add key points for this paper.

dosage and operating pH to minimize oxidative membrane degradation while maintaining its practical advantages as a disinfectant in RO pretreatment, thereby providing guidance for improving membrane durability and supporting sustainable membrane-based water treatment.