Development and transformation of Russia's policy in the field of national security

The object of research in this article is the normative legal acts in the field of national security of Russia, as well as the scientific theoretical studies of Russian legal scholars. The subject of the research is the patterns of development and qualitative transformation of the state policy of Russia in the field of national security, reflected in the system of normative legal acts and doctrinal documents. The study allows for the identification of the patterns of transformation of axiological foundations, conceptual apparatus, and priorities of the Russian state in this area, as well as the establishment of interdependence between changes in doctrinal settings and the evolution of the strategic planning system. The author reconstructs the process of institutionalizing security policy in the post-Soviet period; analyzes the transition from fragmented regulation to a strategic planning system; reveals the content of the modern civilizational and value paradigm of national security; identifies gaps and imperfections in the examined policy; and formulates proposals aimed at improving the state policy in the field of national security. The methodological basis of the research is based on the principles of universality, objectivity, and systematics. Both general scientific and special research methods were used in the article. The novelty of the research lies in the insufficient number of studies on the topic of the article. As a result of the study, the author arrives at the following conclusions: the evolution of strategic planning documents in the field of national security reflects the transformation of Russian statehood. The analysis of legal acts demonstrates a consistent movement from the paradigm of "vulnerability and adaptation" of the transitional period to the paradigm of "sovereignty and civilizational self-sufficiency." The 2021 Strategy concluded this evolutionary cycle by placing value-civilizational sovereignty, the preservation of the people, and information-psychological security as a response to hybrid threats of a new type at the forefront. At the same time, the study showed that the current 2021 Strategy retains a significant element of declarative nature, not being fully supported by measurable indicators and mechanisms of legal responsibility. The 2027 Strategy will be shaped under the influence of qualitatively new factors. The projected trajectory of evolution leads to further strengthening of the model of a self-sufficient civilization, building its own system of values, institutions, and alliances.