Curved waveguides with strong lateral modal confinement have been fabricated on InGaAsP/InP by etching through the waveguide core. This has resulted in extremely sharp bends (radii as small as 30 µm) with negligible bend loss, enabling fabrication of very low loss 90 degrees turns on a chip area as small as that of a corner mirror.
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Spiekman et al. (1995) studied this question.
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