A combined diagnostic approach including tilt testing, blood volume determination, and hemodynamic evaluation is useful for classifying orthostatic intolerance.
Supports multimodal phenotyping of orthostatic intolerance; leaves open effects on management and outcomes.
Orthostatic intolerance may be related to different causes. A combined investigative approach using a screening tilt test, blood volume determination, and hemodynamic evaluation has permitted classification of the disease into its different forms. A review of the authors9 experience is summarized.
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Fouad et al. (1985) studied this question.
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