By optimising mirror reflectivities, number of quantum wells, and mirror doping, record continuous wave (CW) output power levels and low threshold currents have been achieved. Broad area devices yielded > 12mW CW and > 500mW pulsed, 6 μn devices gave submilliampere threshold currents and output power > 1 mW and 10 μm devices showed output powers > 3mW with a threshold of 1.5mA.
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Geels et al. (1991) studied this question.