Knowledge management is fast becoming the terminology of many companies' efforts to gain competitive advantage from the efficient and effective management of their knowledge assets. Consultancies have been in the forefront of thinking about how to manage knowledge because their own success depends heavily on developing, selling, and applying ideas. This paper develops and applies a framework that compares and contrasts several consulting firms' efforts in implementing knowledge management programmes. Our framework analyses the specific actions undertaken by the firms based on the alignment of their people, processes and technology with the business strategy, context and goals. Conclusions are drawn based on the lessons learned and the results reached in each case.
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Apostolou et al. (1999) studied this question.