What does this research mean for the field?

There are no significant differences in perceived and expected job competencies between the public and competitive sectors in the Hungarian labor market, indicating a cross-sectoral convergence of human capital requirements. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.CONTRADICTORY. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.CHALLENGES_CONSENSUS.

What question did this study set out to answer?

To compare perceived and expected employee soft competencies between the public and competitive sectors across multiple career stages.

August 22, 2026Social Sciences & Humanities OpenOpen Access

Examining the job competences possessed by employees and expected by employers in the Hungarian labour market

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Authors

IRIldikó RudnákMagyar Agrár- és Élettudományi Egyetem JGJudit GaramvölgyiMagyar Agrár- és Élettudományi Egyetem ABAndrás BarcziMagyar Agrár- és Élettudományi Egyetem

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Implication

Quantitative survey reveals uniform competency expectations and self-perceptions across public and private sectors, suggesting universal human capital development across industries.

Key Points

To compare perceived and expected employee soft competencies between the public and competitive sectors across multiple career stages.
Conducted a quantitative survey of 617 employees and 117 managers in Hungary using the Spencer and Spencer competence framework.
Evaluated 20 soft competencies at entry level and after at least three years of experience, analyzing differences with t-tests, MANOVA, and effect size metrics.
Analyses revealed no statistically significant differences between the public and competitive sectors in employee self-perceptions or employer expectations.
Both sectors placed primary emphasis on the same core competencies: precision, problem-solving, teamwork, responsibility, and commitment.

Cite This Study

Rudnák et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a895f53ca7ade938187ddc4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2026.103289

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Implication

Quantitative survey reveals uniform competency expectations and self-perceptions across public and private sectors, suggesting universal human capital development across industries.

Examining the job competences possessed by employees and expected by employers in the Hungarian labour market

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

Examining the job competences possessed by employees and expected by employers in the Hungarian labour market

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

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