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Theoretical analysis demonstrates that glueballs exist as transient flash states rather than stable particles, suggesting a unified residue mechanism across all four fundamental interactions.
The glueball, long regarded as the “final missing piece” of the Standard Model particle spectrum, has defied experimental confirmation despite decades of targeted searches. Its signals consistently exhibit low production rates, extremely short lifetimes, and poor reproducibility — characteristics that argue against its status as a stable entity. Drawing on the closed‑loop topological model of the strong interaction established in PFUSRC‑109 and the interlayer tunneling residue mechanism of PFUSRC‑110, this paper argues that the glueball is not a stable particle but a “flash state” generated during the operation of strong‑interaction closed‑loop topology — a transient event in which topological flow variables briefly condense, rapidly decay, and are partially recycled. This paper further demonstrates that the glueball is not an isolated phenomenon but one representative of a class of topological residues produced by each of the four fundamental interactions. All such residues are governed by a single unified “production–recycling–tolerance–residue” mechanism: they can never be fully eliminated, yet they never compromise the steady‑state operation of the structure. This mechanism explains the intrinsic difficulty of glueball observation while simultaneously providing a unified interpretive framework for residue phenomena in the weak, electromagnetic, and gravitational interactions. This paper is positioned as a supplementary monograph to the PFUSRC‑111 sub‑plate; it neither replaces nor duplicates the qualitative framework of PFUSRC‑111, but solely fills the gap concerning the “residue recycling mechanism.”
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Zhenmin Wang (2026) studied this question.
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